Introduction
A long time ago, mankind figured out a craft that changed everything – we learned how to shape metal. It is hard to overestimate what a leap in technological progress it was. Before that, people mostly used wood, stone, and clay for building certain items, but all of them are primitive materials compared to metal. Until today, metal is a fundamental building block of technology. In its combination with another marvel of technological nature – silicon, it creates things like a smartphone, a home computer, a washing machine, a modern car, etc. However, the technology is constantly evolving, and we are constantly finding new ways to apply it to make our lives better, more interesting, and secure. One of the most interesting uses of modern technology is indeed the use of mobile devices that can be combined to create some sort of a network that integrates end devices and creates a unified user interface. This technology is one of the keys to the evolution of electronic devices known as the Internet of Thing.
1. Understanding the internet of things and (IoT)
To understand the evolution of smart devices and the rise of smart homes, smart vehicles, smart healthcare, and other industries driven by smart devices, it is important first to understand the underlying concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). The concept originated in 1989 as a term to describe a digital network that connects everyday physical objects to the Internet using tiny embedded electronic hardware and/or via RFID. This original concept included things like managing energy usage in smart buildings, establishing frictionless hands-free supply chains, driving environment-centric lifestyle changes, and using cyber-physical systems to aid firefighters.
The term Internet of Things, as we widely use it today, is a relatively new one. The original definition of IoT represents the first generation of IoT, which pioneers and leaders envision eventually as a future market of exponential growth. Today, the IoT has shifted focus to include the creation and operation of smart devices, which are the state of the art and most commercially viable of IoT layers. As a modern and comprehensive term, the IoT includes six layers of growing complexity and instability. These layers are viewers, sensors and actuators, connectivity, a processing platform, operational stability, and big data and applications. Each of these layers contributes their own essential components to the IoT as we envision it today
2. Historical Development of Smart Technologies
Since the dawn of time, humans have endeavored to develop tools and machines to make their lives simpler. The digital revolution has made possible a new generation of devices, capable of operating autonomously with improved results. Despite the present exuberance about new smart devices, they are not a recent improvement. Their historical development spans more than a century, with several decades of attempts and failures. These devices have been present for a long time in people’s lives. However, only now have we begun to use them frequently. Smart devices are objects capable of executing small commands without human intervention. They are generally connected, and they have the characteristic of generating and interchanging data. These devices need some computational entities, such as microcontrollers, microprocessors, and sensors, to be considered ‘smart.
The present work illustrates the historical evolution of the devices and technologies that have made the present moment with the Internet of Things concept possible. Finally, smart devices’ acceptance represents an advance for society because it implies a significantly larger and safer amount of data to make more precise decisions with its application. The future developments of smart devices may mean providing benefits probably beyond our current imagination. Some of the characteristics of future market leaders are competitive advantages with the execution of better services, a lower price, and higher quality. Other factors that may stimulate smart device growth.
3. Smart Devices in Home Automation
Home automation, the smart home, or domestic IoT, is one of the cornerstones of many IoT applications. Smart thermostats, smart shower systems, and smart fridges are fast becoming features in the modern home. The motivation is simple: remote access and control of home features lead to greater comfort for occupants and to monetary savings in power and water usage. Furthermore, IoT connectivity, remote user interfaces including smart speakers, and app download services provide a method to differentiate products and enable a premium price point. The smart home now has connectivity standards and alliance pressure that simplify integration. An IPv6-based networking protocol unifies product offerings in the market for smart home devices with the backing of energy sensing specialists.
Standardized specifications for device and service discovery have been established, creating a unifying force in IoT systems that eliminates fragmentation and improves interoperability between and among vertical ecosystems. Both organizations have the backing of silicon heavyweights. Both Wi-Fi and BLE have had long-standing connectivity as well as partnership initiatives specific to the smart home. However, the popularity of smart speakers has now resulted in applications that extend Wi-Fi and BLE. The use of Wi-Fi reveals the influence of third-party application developers and application economies that are predominantly supported by major tech companies. Both companies have smart speaker developer forums, even though they also market their smart speakers in competition with these developers
There have been Wi-Fi integrated and certified devices for a long time, and hardware companies have taken wireless application development to the level of part-number selection. Specifically, smart products such as smoke alarms and security cameras show the maturity of a certified and integrated system. A smart sensing environment has also been used to gather big data on crowd behavior for operational decision support. The biggest potential level.
Conclusion
In this paper, we attempt to revisit the evolution of smart devices from first generation smart devices like a personal computer, mobile phone, to the current generation of IoT devices. We identified IoT characteristics and tried to develop a new taxonomy in a manner to categorize these. This study is very timely in nature, where most of the research conducted to date either try to define IoT or deduce it from properties of what are smart devices available currently. However, the true smart devices that fit into the practical definition of IoT could not always be derived from such research. For example, properties derived for smart devices implement assumptions that different instances of a smart device providing similar functionality should have the same properties. Going.
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